Under Article 1 of the Qatar Penal Code (Law No. 11 of 2004), the provisions of Islamic Sharia — specifically the Qur'anic hudud offences such as theft and banditry — apply only when the defendant or the plaintiff is a Muslim. As a non-Muslim expat, you would generally not be subject to Sharia-based hudud punishments in these specific categories.
However, this does not mean non-Muslims are exempt from Qatar's criminal law broadly. The Qatar Penal Code contains extensive provisions that apply to everyone regardless of religion, and you are fully subject to these secular criminal provisions. Offences such as drug trafficking, assault, fraud, and public order violations carry penalties that apply universally.
If you are involved in a criminal matter — whether as a victim or accused — it is strongly advisable to consult a licensed Qatar lawyer immediately. The intersection of Sharia and codified law can be nuanced, and the specific facts of your case will determine which legal framework governs.
This is general legal information, not legal advice. For advice on your specific situation, consult a lawyer licensed in Qatar.