Yes, Qatari authorities have broad legal powers to inspect and seize electronic devices during a cybercrime investigation. Under Article 14 of Law No. 14 of 2014, the Public Prosecution or a designated judicial officer may inspect individuals, places, and information systems relevant to a crime. A search warrant is required and must specify the reasons and scope, but this is an internal judicial process rather than a requirement for your prior consent.
Article 17 further empowers the Public Prosecution to order the collection and recording of electronic data, access logs, and content information where deemed necessary for an investigation. Additionally, Article 18 allows authorities to compel any relevant person to hand over devices, tools, electronic data, or content information connected to the subject of a crime. Refusing to comply without a legally recognised justification is itself an offence under Article 20.
If your devices are seized, Article 19 requires competent authorities to take measures to protect those devices and the data on them. As a practical matter, expats should be aware that they cannot simply refuse to hand over a device if lawfully ordered to do so. If you find yourself in this situation, remain calm, cooperate with authorities, and contact your country's embassy or consulate as well as a Qatar-licensed lawyer as soon as possible.
This is general legal information, not legal advice. For advice on your specific situation, consult a lawyer licensed in Qatar.