Yes, Qatar's Labour Law (Law No. 14 of 2004) applies to both employers and workers in Qatar, regardless of nationality. Article 2 explicitly states that the law governs the rights, duties, and relationships of all employers and workers operating in the country.
However, there are some important exceptions outlined in Article 3. Certain categories of workers are excluded from the law's full protections, including employees working in government ministries, other governmental bodies, public institutions, and companies established or co-owned by the government. If you work for a private sector company, you are almost certainly covered.
As a practical tip, always request a written employment contract in Arabic (as required by Article 9), and make sure you understand your rights before signing. You are entitled to an attached translation in another language, such as English, for your reference. Knowing you are covered by this law is your first step toward protecting yourself in the workplace.
This is general legal information, not legal advice. For advice on your specific situation, consult a lawyer licensed in Qatar.